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1. Stressor is to strain as __________ is to __________.
a. external demand; internal response
b. internal response; external demand
c. sympathetic arousal; parasympathetic arousal
d. autonomic arousal; autonomic relaxation
2. Which of the following best describes the relationship between stressors and strain?
a. People who encounter the largest number of external stressors experience the greatest amount of strain.
b. People who have a relatively low stressor score have a high strain score.
c. People who have a relatively high stressor score have a low strain score.
d. The key factor in strain is the way in which people percieve the stressors, not the number of stressors experienced.
3. Homeostasis is most accurately described as:
a. the fast-acting bodily response to a stressor.
b. the slow-acting bodily response to a stressor.
c. the process by which stress suppresses activity in the immune system.
d. the state of internal balance that our bodies strive to maintain.
4. Hans Selye described the three-stage general bodily reaction to stress which he called:
a. the alarm reaction.
b. burnout.
c. the general adaptation syndrome.
d. psychosomatic arousal.
5. In response to an external stressor, the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine are released from the:
a. adrenal cortex.
b. adrenal medulla.
c. pituitary gland.
d. hypothalamus.
6. Which of the following describes the action of the catecholamine system?
a. It responds within seconds to an external stressor.
b. It is triggered by neurons in the parasympathetic nervous system.
c. It stimulates heart rate and digestion.
d. It does all of the above in response to a stressor.
7. The 'fight-or-flight' reaction describes the response of the__________ to stressors.
a. glucocorticoid system
b. catecholamine system
c. general adaptation syndrome
d. hypothalamus
8. Which of the following correctly outlines the catecholamine systemís sequence of responses to stress?
a. autonomic neurons --> adrenal medulla --> epinephrine and norepinephrine
b. autonomic neurons --> adrenal cortex --> ACTH
c. hypothalamus --> pituitary gland --> ACTH --> adrenal cortex --> cortisol
d. hypothalamus --> adrenal medulla --> epinephrine and norepinephrine
9. Which of the following correctly outlines the sequence of the glucocorticoid systemís responses to stress?
a. autonomic neurons --> adrenal medulla --> epinephrine and norepinephrine
b. autonomic neurons --> adrenal cortex --> ACTH
c. hypothalamus --> pituitary gland --> ACTH --> adrenal cortex --> cortisol
d. hypothalamus --> adrenal medulla --> epinephrine and norepinephrine
10. The glucocorticoid system of the body:
a. acts more rapidly than the catecholamine system.
b. helps provide energy for a sustained battle against a stressor.
c. diverts energy away from the skeletal muscles in response to stress.
d. does all of the above.
11. In the Executive Monkey study:
a. monkeys that had no control over shock developed serious health problems.
b. monkeys that learned to press a lever to prevent shocks developed serious ulcers.
c. monkeys that experienced unpredictable shocks developed serious health problems.
d. monkeys that experienced predictable shocks developed serious health problems.
12. An important flaw in the Executive Monkey study was:
a. the absence of a control, or comparison, group for the executive monkeys.
b. the fact that the monkeys were not randomly assigned to the two groups.
c. the unusually strong intensity of the electric shocks.
d. all of the above.
13. Follow-up studies to the original Executive Monkey experiment:
a. failed to replicate the results of the original study.
b. found that helpless animals developed more health problems than animals that had control over aversive stimuli.
c. found that the health consequences of stressful environments are completely unpredictable.
d. showed that both a. and b. are true.
14. Studies of college students indicate that minor stressors, such as being called on in class:
a. activate the catecholamine system.
b. activate the glucocorticoid system.
c. activate both the catecholamine and the glucocorticoid system.
d. activate neither the catecholamine system nor the glucocorticoid system.
15. Chronic stress damages the heart by:
a. elevating blood pressure.
b. causing fatty acids to build up on the walls of blood vessels.
c. increasing the risk of stroke.
d. doing all of the above.
16. Which of the following was not cited as an effect of chronic stress?
a. increasing the vulnerability of the stomach to ulcer-causing bacteria
b. damaging neurons in a part of the brain involved in learning and memory
c. causing the hippocampus to swell
d. suppressing the functioning of lymphocytes
17. The disease-fighting and infection-fighting cells of the immune system are:
a. T cells.
b. B cells.
c. both a. and b.
d. antigens.
18. Selye's concept of eustress emphasizes the fact that:
a. all stressors are damaging.
b. some short-term stressors enhance performance.
c. attempts to quantify the impact of stressors on people have not demonstrated any impact.
d. all of the above are true.
19. Stressor is to strain as __________ is to __________.
a. alarm reaction, stage of resistance, stage of exhaustion.
b. stage of exhaustion, stage of resistance, alarm reaction.
c. stage of resistance, alarm reaction, stage of exhaustion.
d. alarm reaction, stage of exhaustion, stage of resistance.
20. Stressor is to strain as __________ is to __________.
a. enhance their functioning.
b. increase their number.
c. interfere with chemical messengers that signal other lymphocytes to attack foreign microorganisms.
d. decrease their number.